Most OECD countries conduct regular health surveys which allow respondents to report on different aspects of their health. People who do not smoke, drink alcohol in moderate quantities, are physically active, eat a balanced diet, and who are not overweight or obese have a much lower risk of early death than those who have unhealthy habits. Many of these diseases are preventable, since they are linked to modifiable lifestyles. Further progress in population health status and life expectancy can be achieved by putting greater emphasis on public health and disease prevention, especially among disadvantaged groups, and by improving the quality and performance of health care systems.Ĭhronic (non-communicable) diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory conditions and diabetes, are now the main causes of disability and death in OECD countries. Taken together, these explain much of the cross-country differences in life expectancy, as well as changes over time. Recent OECD analysis suggests that health care spending growth has contributed to the improvement in life expectancy, but other determinants such as rising living standards, environmental improvements, lifestyle changes and education are also important drivers. Life expectancy in Brazil stands at 76 years, 73 years in the Russian Federation and 64 years in South Africa. At the other end of the scale, life expectancy is the lowest in Mexico, at 75 years. The OECD country with the highest life expectancy is Japan with an average life expectancy of 84 years. Women live about five years longer than men, averaging 83.6 years versus 78.3 years for men. On average, life expectancy at birth reaches 81 years across OECD countries, a gain of more than 11 years since 1960. There have been remarkable gains in life expectancy over the past 50 years in OECD countries. Life expectancy is the most widely used measure of health, although it only takes into account the length of people’s life and not their quality of life. Good health is one of the most important things to people and also brings many other benefits, including enhanced access to education and the job market, an increase in productivity and wealth, reduced health care costs, good social relations, and of course, a longer life.
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